Ünite 11 · Premium Çalışma Rehberi
Prepositions
Edatlar
A2'den C1'e kadar tüm seviyeleri kapsayan, YDS/YÖKDİL/YDT odaklı kapsamlı edat rehberi. Zaman, yer, hareket, fiil+edat, sıfat+edat, isim+edat, phrasal verbs ve sınav stratejileri tek kaynakta.
0Alt Konu
0Sınav Sorusu
0Flashcard
0Alıştırma
A2 Başlangıç
B1 Temel
B2 Orta
C1 İleri
in / on / at — Hızlı Harita
| in | on | at | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zaman | ay, yıl, mevsim, dönem in June · in 2010 · in summer | gün, tarih on Monday · on 5 June | saat, özel zaman at 3pm · at night · at noon |
| Yer | kapalı alan, şehir, ülke in the box · in Paris | yüzey, hat, ulaşım on the table · on the bus | nokta, adres at the door · at 5 Main St |
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Flashcard Modu — Prepositions
30 kart · A2'den C1'e tüm edat kombinasyonları
01
in / on / at — Zaman
TIME PREPOSITIONS
inUzun dönemler: in 2025 · in June · in winter · in the morning
onBelirli günler/tarihler: on Monday · on 5 May · on Christmas Day
atSaat ve özel zamanlar: at 3pm · at night · at the weekend · at noon · at present
onBelirli günler/tarihler: on Monday · on 5 May · on Christmas Day
atSaat ve özel zamanlar: at 3pm · at night · at the weekend · at noon · at present
A2 → B1 Geçiş: Gün Bölümleri
Temel kural: Gün bölümleri (morning, afternoon, evening) in alır. Ancak gün adı eklendiğinde on kullanılır. "At night" istisnadır ve sabit kalır.
Örnekler
I prefer to study in the morning.
Sabahları çalışmayı tercih ederim. (A2)
We met on Monday morning.
Pazartesi sabahı buluştuk. (B1 — gün + gün bölümü)
I prefer to travel at night.
Gece seyahat etmeyi tercih ederim. (A2 — istisna)
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Tuzak Durumlarat night (✓) · in the morning/afternoon/evening (✓) · on Monday morning (gün + gün bölümü → on). at the weekend (BrE) · on the weekend (AmE). "At present" = şu anda (C1 seviyesinde sık çıkar).
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YDS İpucu"In the end" (sonunda) ve "at the end" (sonunda, bitiminde) farkı: In the end = finally (sonuç). At the end = bir şeyin fiziksel/zamansal bitim noktası. In the end, they agreed. / At the end of the film...
Alıştırma — Zaman Edatları
She was born ___ 1995.
The meeting is ___ Monday.
I'll see you ___ 6 o'clock.
We prefer to study ___ the evening.
___ present, the company is expanding.
___ the end of the presentation, he thanked everyone.
02
Diğer Zaman Edatları
DURING · FOR · SINCE · BY · UNTIL · WITHIN · BEFORE · AFTER
| Edat | Anlam | Sonrası | Örnek |
|---|---|---|---|
| for | süre boyunca | süre miktarı | for 3 hours · for a week · for ages |
| since | ...dan beri | başlangıç noktası | since Monday · since 2010 · since he left |
| during | ...süresince | isim (event) | during the meeting · during summer |
| while | ...iken | clause (S+V) | while she was sleeping |
| by | ...a kadar (deadline) | zaman | by Friday · by 5pm · by now |
| until/till | ...a kadar (devam) | zaman | until midnight · till Monday |
| within | ...içinde (süre içinde) | süre | within 3 days · within a month |
| before | ...den önce | zaman/clause | before lunch · before he arrived |
| after | ...den sonra | zaman/clause | after the exam · after leaving |
B2 Seviye: By now / By then / By the time
İleri Kullanımlar
By now, they should have arrived. (Şu ana kadar gelmiş olmalılar.)
By the time we got there, the film had started. (Oraya vardığımızda film başlamıştı.)
Within minutes, the fire was under control. (Dakikalar içinde yangın kontrol altına alındı.)
⚠
by vs. untilby = deadline (bitiş tarihi — o zamana kadar bitir). until = süren eylem (o zamana kadar devam eder). I'll finish it by Friday. / I'll stay until Friday.
⚠
during vs. whileduring + noun/noun phrase. while + clause (S+V). ✘ during she was sleeping → ✔ while she was sleeping / during her sleep.
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for ages / for years"For ages" (B2) = çok uzun zamandır. I haven't seen him for ages. Present Perfect ile sık kullanılır.
Alıştırma — İleri Zaman Edatları
I haven't seen her ___ 2019.
Finish the report ___ Friday evening.
We waited ___ midnight, but he didn't come.
___ the time we arrived, the concert had finished.
The package should arrive ___ three working days.
03
in / on / at — Yer
PLACE PREPOSITIONS
inKapalı alan, şehir, ülke, bölge: in the room · in London · in Europe · in the world
onYüzey, hat, taşıt: on the table · on the wall · on the bus/train/plane · on the coast
atNokta, adres, kurum: at the bus stop · at work · at home · at school · at university
onYüzey, hat, taşıt: on the table · on the wall · on the bus/train/plane · on the coast
atNokta, adres, kurum: at the bus stop · at work · at home · at school · at university
B1: In the street vs. On the street
British English: in the street (sokakta, çevreleyen alan). American English: on the street (yüzey üzerinde). YDS'de genellikle BrE tercih edilir.
| in | on | at |
|---|---|---|
| in the car (kapalı) | on the bus/train/plane | at the bus stop |
| in bed (içinde) | on the left/right | at the top/bottom |
| in the street (BrE) | on the street (AmE) | at the corner |
| in the newspaper | on TV/the radio/the internet | at the cinema |
| in hospital (BrE) / in the hospital (AmE) | on holiday (BrE) / on vacation (AmE) | at sea (denizde, gemide) |
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YDS Sık Çıkan Yer Edatları"At sea" = denizde, karada değil. "On the coast" = kıyıda. "In the distance" = uzakta. "On the way" = yolda. "In the way" = yolu kesen/engel olan. Bu ikili YDS'de sürekli karşılaştırılır!
Alıştırma — Yer Edatları
She is ___ home right now.
There's a fly ___ the ceiling.
We spent the summer ___ the coast.
The ship is ___ sea for three months.
Your bag is ___ the way. Please move it.
04
Hareket Edatları
MOVEMENT PREPOSITIONS
| Edat | Anlam | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| to | yöne doğru (hedefe) | She went to school. · from A to B |
| into | içine (hareket) | He walked into the room. |
| out of | dışına çıkmak | She ran out of the building. |
| onto | üzerine (hareket) | The cat jumped onto the table. |
| through | içinden geçmek | The train went through the tunnel. |
| across | karşıdan karşıya (yüzey) | She swam across the river. |
| along | boyunca | We walked along the beach. |
| past | yanından geçmek | He drove past the school. |
| towards | doğru (tam hedefe değil) | She walked towards the door. |
| over | üzerinden (aşarak) | The plane flew over the city. |
| up / down | yukarı/aşağı | walk up the stairs · run down the hill |
B2: Through vs. Across vs. Over
Through = içinden (3 boyutlu, engellerin arasından). Across = karşıdan karşıya (2 boyutlu, yüzey üzerinde). Over = üzerinden/yukarıdan (aşarak, değmeden).
Karşılaştırma
We walked through the forest. (Ağaçların arasından)
We walked across the field. (Tarlanın bir ucundan diğerine)
The bird flew over the lake. (Gölün üzerinden, değmeden)
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in vs. into · on vs. ontoin/on = statik konum. into/onto = hareket yönü. ✘ He walked in the room (konumlama) → ✔ He walked into the room (içeri girdi).
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YDS Tuzak: "Run out of" vs "Run out"Run out of + noun (benzinimiz tükendi). Run out = tükenmek (fiil olarak). We ran out of fuel. / Our fuel ran out.
Alıştırma — Hareket Edatları
Don't go ___ the road without looking!
She threw the letter ___ the fire.
The thief climbed ___ the roof.
We drove ___ several villages on the way.
The ball rolled ___ the hill.
05
Verb + Preposition
YAKIN FİİL-EDAT KOMBİNASYONLARI
| Edat | Fiil + Preposition Kombinasyonları |
|---|---|
| at | look at · laugh at · shout at · aim at · glance at · stare at · be good/bad at · marvel at (C1) |
| for | wait for · ask for · search for · apply for · pay for · look for · care for · hope for · blame for · vote for |
| of | think of · dream of · consist of · be aware of · be afraid of · be fond of · remind sb of · approve of (B2) · accuse of · suspect of |
| to | listen to · belong to · talk to · respond to · react to · refer to · contribute to · object to (B2) · confess to (C1) |
| about | talk about · think about · worry about · complain about · hear about · learn about · care about (B2) · boast about (C1) |
| in | believe in · result in · succeed in · be interested in · participate in · specialise in · invest in (B2) · persist in (C1) |
| on | depend on · rely on · concentrate on · insist on · comment on · focus on · count on (B2) · impose on (C1) |
| with | agree with · deal with · cope with · provide with · be satisfied with · compare with · collide with (B2) · consult with (C1) |
| from | differ from · benefit from · suffer from · recover from · prevent from · protect from · stem from (B2) · resign from (C1) |
| into | look into (B2) · divide into · translate into · turn into · burst into (C1) |
C1: Nüans Farkları
C1 Seviye Örnekler
He confessed to having stolen the money. (C1 — fiil+edat+gerund)
The problem stems from a misunderstanding. (C1 — kaynaklanmak)
I won't impose on you any longer. (C1 — zorla kabul ettirmemek)
She persisted in denying the accusation. (C1 — ısrar etmek)
🎓 YDS'de En Çok Çıkan 15 Verb+Prep
- consist of — ...dan oluşmak
- result in — ...ile sonuçlanmak
- depend on — ...a bağlı olmak
- differ from — ...dan farklı olmak
- contribute to — ...a katkıda bulunmak
- refer to — ...a atıfta bulunmak
- be aware of — ...in farkında olmak
- benefit from — ...dan yararlanmak
- prevent from — ...dan alıkoymak
- be responsible for — ...dan sorumlu olmak
- object to — ...e itiraz etmek
- stem from — ...dan kaynaklanmak
- look into — ...i araştırmak
- confess to — ...i itiraf etmek
- insist on — ...de ısrar etmek
Alıştırma — Verb + Preposition
The committee consists ___ five members.
She suffers ___ migraines regularly.
The experiment resulted ___ unexpected findings.
Police are looking ___ the cause of the fire.
The issue stems ___ a communication error.
He confessed ___ lying to the court.
06
Adjective + Preposition
SIFAT + EDAT KOMBİNASYONLARI
Sıfat+edat kombinasyonları YDS ve YÖKDİL'de en çok sorulan konulardan biridir. Ezberlenmesi gereken sabit yapılardır. C1 seviyesinde daha az bilinen ancak akademik metinlerde sık geçen kombinasyonlar önemlidir.
| Edat | Adjective + Preposition |
|---|---|
| of | afraid of · aware of · capable of · fond of · full of · guilty of · jealous of · proud of · scared of · tired of · suspicious of (B2) · reminiscent of (C1) · devoid of (C1) |
| to | accustomed to · addicted to · allergic to · close to · contrary to · equal to · familiar to (B2) · similar to · relevant to (B2) · immune to (C1) · prone to (C1) · susceptible to (C1) |
| for | famous for · good for · grateful for · known for · late for · ready for · responsible for · sorry for · suitable for · eager for (B2) · eligible for (C1) · notorious for (C1) |
| with | angry with · bored with · busy with · careful with · crowded with · fed up with (B2) · obsessed with (B2) · confronted with (C1) · content with (C1) |
| about | angry about · anxious about · excited about · happy about · nervous about · sorry about · worried about · curious about (B2) · enthusiastic about (C1) |
| at | amazed at · angry at · bad at · good at · surprised at · shocked at (B2) · alarmed at (C1) · astounded at (C1) |
| in | interested in · involved in · successful in · experienced in (B2) · deficient in (C1) · implicit in (C1) |
| on | dependent on · keen on (B2) · intent on (C1) · contingent on (C1) |
B2-C1: Familiar with vs. Familiar to
Nüans
I am familiar with this theory. (Ben teoriyi tanıyorum — özne aktif)
This theory is familiar to me. (Teori bana tanıdık — özne pasif)
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YDS Sık Çıkan Sıfat+Edatprone to (eğilimli), susceptible to (duyarlı/hassas), devoid of (yoksun), implicit in (içinde gizli), contingent on (bağlı). Bu yapılar paragraf tamamlama sorularında cümleyi bağlamak için kritiktir.
Alıştırma — Adjective + Preposition
She is allergic ___ cat hair.
The area is famous ___ its vineyards.
He was found guilty ___ fraud.
The elderly are more susceptible ___ infections.
The contract is contingent ___ approval.
07
Phrasal Verbs & Particles
İKİLİ FİİLLER VE EDAT PARÇACIKLARI
Phrasal verbs, fiil + edat/partikül yapılarıdır. Anlam genellikle fiilin kendi anlamından farklıdır. YDS'de özellikle ayrılabilir (separable) ve ayrılamaz (inseparable) phrasal verbs ayrımı sorulur.
Ayrılabilir vs. Ayrılamaz
| Tür | Kural | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| Ayrılabilir | Nesne fiil ve edat arasına gelebilir | turn off the TV / turn the TV off · pick up the phone / pick the phone up |
| Ayrılamaz | Nesne asla araya giremez | look after the baby (✘ look the baby after) · run into a friend · get over an illness |
YDS'de Sık Çıkan Phrasal Verbs
| Phrasal Verb | Anlam | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| bring up | çocuk yetiştirmek; gündeme getirmek | She was brought up by her grandmother. |
| call off | iptal etmek | They called off the meeting. |
| carry out | yürütmek, gerçekleştirmek | The police carried out an investigation. |
| come across | karşılaşmak (tesadüfen) | I came across an old photo. |
| cut down on | azaltmak | You should cut down on sugar. |
| do away with | ortadan kaldırmak (C1) | The government wants to do away with outdated laws. |
| get along with | iyi geçinmek | Do you get along with him? |
| give up | vazgeçmek, bırakmak | Don't give up! |
| hold on | beklemek, dayanmak | Hold on a minute! |
| look forward to | dört gözle beklemek | I look forward to meeting you. |
| make up | uydurmak; oluşturmak; barışmak | They made up after the argument. |
| put off | ertelemek | Don't put off your homework. |
| run out of | tükenmek | We ran out of milk. |
| set off | yola çıkmak | We set off early in the morning. |
| take after | benzemek (huy olarak) | She takes after her mother. |
| turn down | reddetmek; kısmak (ses) | He turned down the offer. |
| work out | çözmek; egzersiz yapmak | I can't work out this problem. |
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look forward to + Ving"To" burada edat olduğu için ardından mutlaka isim veya -ing gelir. I look forward to hearing from you. (✘ to hear)
Alıştırma — Phrasal Verbs
We need to ___ (ortadan kaldırmak) these old regulations.
Please ___ (kıs) the volume; it's too loud.
The bomb ___ (patlamak) near the embassy.
I ___ (karşılaştım) an interesting article yesterday.
08
Noun + Preposition
İSİM + EDAT KOMBİNASYONLARI
İsim+edat yapıları akademik İngilizce'de (YDS/YÖKDİL paragraflarında) yoğun olarak kullanılır. C1 seviyesinde özellikle soyut isimlerle birlikte kullanılan edatlar sınav başarısı için kritiktir.
| Edat | Noun + Preposition |
|---|---|
| of | advantage of · cause of · example of · importance of · lack of · need of · way of · possibility of · awareness of (C1) · notion of (C1) |
| for | reason for · need for · demand for · responsibility for · substitute for (C1) · prerequisite for (C1) |
| to | access to · answer to · key to · solution to · threat to · approach to (C1) · alternative to (C1) · exception to (C1) |
| on | effect on · influence on · impact on · emphasis on (C1) · constraint on (C1) |
| in | decrease in · increase in · rise in · fall in · difficulty in · delay in · confidence in (C1) · decline in (C1) |
| with | connection with · relationship with · trouble with · contrast with (C1) · acquaintance with (C1) |
| between | difference between · link between · relationship between · correlation between (C1) · discrepancy between (C1) |
| about | information about · question about · concern about (C1) · misconception about (C1) |
C1 Akademik Yapılar
Paragraf Tamamlama İçin
There has been a significant decline in biodiversity. (biyoçeşitlilikte azalma)
This approach is an alternative to conventional methods. (geleneksel yöntemlere alternatif)
There is a discrepancy between theory and practice. (teori ile pratik arasındaki tutarsızlık)
The study places great emphasis on early detection. (erken teşhise büyük vurgu)
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C1 StratejiNoun + preposition yapılarını ezberlemek yerine, paragraf tamamlama çalışırken "bu isim hangi edatı çağırır?" sorusunu sorun. Örneğin "reason" her zaman "for", "solution" her zaman "to" alır. Bu kalıplar cümle içi anlam bütünlüğünü sağlar.
Alıştırma — Noun + Preposition
What is the reason ___ his absence?
The key ___ success is hard work.
There is a strong connection ___ smoking and cancer.
The policy had a negative effect ___ employment.
There is growing concern ___ climate change.
09
Karmaşık Yapılar & İki Kelimeli Edatlar
COMPLEX PREPOSITIONS & ADVANCED STRUCTURES
İki veya üç kelimeden oluşan edatlar (complex prepositions) C1 seviyesinde ve akademik sınavlarda sıkça karşılaşılır. Bu yapılar genellikle tek kelimeli edatlara göre daha resmi ve akademiktir.
İki Kelimeli Edatlar
| Yapı | Anlam | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| according to | ...e göre | According to the report... |
| apart from | ...den başka / dışında | Apart from that, everything is fine. |
| as for / as to | ...gelince | As for me, I disagree. |
| because of | ...den dolayı | Because of the rain... |
| by means of | ...vasıtasıyla (C1) | By means of advanced technology... |
| due to / owing to | ...den dolayı (resmi) | Due to bad weather... |
| in addition to | ...e ilaveten | In addition to his salary... |
| in case of | ...durumunda | In case of emergency... |
| in favour of | ...lehinde | In favour of the proposal |
| in spite of / despite | ...e rağmen | In spite of the difficulty... |
| instead of | ...yerine | Instead of complaining... |
| on behalf of | ...adına | On behalf of the team... |
| on account of | ...den ötürü (C1) | On account of his age... |
| prior to | ...den önce (C1) | Prior to the meeting... |
| with regard to | ...hakkında / ile ilgili (C1) | With regard to your request... |
| with respect to | ...bakımından (C1) | With respect to the data... |
B2-C1: Despite / In spite of / Although / Even though
Yapı Karşılaştırması
Despite the rain, we went out. (+ isim/Ving)
In spite of being tired, she finished the work. (+ Ving)
Although it was raining, we went out. (+ clause)
Even though he is rich, he is unhappy. (+ clause — daha güçlü zıtlık)
⚠
despite / in spite of + clause YOK!Despite ve in spite of'dan sonra asla özne+fiil (clause) gelmez. Despite the fact that it was raining... şeklinde kullanılabilir.
Alıştırma — Karmaşık Yapılar
___ your request, we cannot extend the deadline.
___ the heavy traffic, we arrived on time.
The project was completed ___ advanced software.
___ the meeting, please review the documents.
10
YDS / YÖKDİL / YDT Stratejileri
SINAV TAKTİKLERİ VE TUZAKLAR
1. Paragraf Tamamlamada Edat İpuçları
Paragraf tamamlama sorularında boşluktan önceki isim/sıfat/fiil, hangi edatın geleceğini %90 oranında belirler. Önce boşluktan önceki kelimeyi tanımlayın, ardından o kelimenin sabit edatını düşünün.
reason → for
solution → to
aware → of
depend → on
suffer → from
result → in
consist → of
refer → to
2. En Sık Karıştırılan Çiftler
| Çift | Fark | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| arrive at / in | at = nokta (havaalanı, istasyon) · in = büyük alan (şehir, ülke) | arrive at the airport · arrive in Paris |
| speak to / with | to = tek yönlü · with = karşılıklı (AmE'de with yaygın) | speak to him (BrE) · speak with him (AmE) |
| angry with / at | with = kişi · at = durum/şey | angry with him · angry at the news |
| good at / for | at = yetenek · for = fayda | good at maths · good for your health |
| interested in / by | in = doğru · by = yanlış! | interested in music (✘ interested by) |
| pay for / by | for = ürün/hizmet · by = ödeme yöntemi | pay for dinner · pay by card |
3. YDT Özel: Cloze Test Taktikleri
✓
YDT İçinCloze testlerde (boşluk doldurma) cevabı bulmak için sadece boşluğun sağına değil, soluna da bakın. Özellikle "to" edatından sonra Ving gelip gelmeyeceği (look forward to, confess to, object to gibi) bu şekilde anlaşılır.
4. YÖKDİL: Akademik Edatlar
YÖKDİL'de özellikle akademik metinlerde geçen soyut isim+edat yapıları öne çıkar: emphasis on, decline in, approach to, alternative to, discrepancy between, with regard to, by means of, on account of.
🎓 Son 5 Yılda YDS'de Çıkan Edat Soruları (Temsili)
- result in — sonuçlanmak (3 kez)
- consist of — oluşmak (2 kez)
- refer to — atıfta bulunmak (2 kez)
- stem from — kaynaklanmak (2 kez)
- aware of — farkında olmak (2 kez)
- prevent from — alıkoymak (1 kez)
- prone to — eğilimli (1 kez)
- susceptible to — duyarlı (1 kez)
- devoid of — yoksun (1 kez)
- contingent on — bağlı (1 kez)
Alıştırma — Strateji Testi
Despite ___ (yağmur), the match continued.
I look forward ___ (meet) you.
She is capable ___ solving complex problems.
The solution ___ pollution is not simple.
Mega Quiz — 25 Soru
Aşağıdaki sorular A2'den C1'e kadar kademeli zorluktadır. Her doğru cevap +6 XP kazandırır. Başarılar!
Prepositions — YDS/YÖKDİL/YDT Tipi Sorular
A2 → C11. "I'll finish the project ___ Friday." (deadline)
2. "She has been working here ___ 2018." (başlangıç noktası)
3. "The accident occurred ___ the conference." (event sırasında)
4. "She is very good ___ mathematics."
5. "The new policy resulted ___ significant improvements."
6. "I haven't seen him ___ ages." (B1)
7. "The committee consists ___ seven experts."
8. "We walked ___ the tunnel to reach the other side." (B1)
9. "She is allergic ___ pollen." (B1)
10. "The success of the project depends ___ funding." (B2)
11. "I look forward ___ from you soon." (B2)
12. "The problem stems ___ a misunderstanding." (C1)
13. "The elderly are more susceptible ___ infections." (C1)
14. "___ the heavy rain, the event was cancelled." (B2)
15. "There is a strong emphasis ___ early education in Finland." (C1)
16. "The contract is contingent ___ board approval." (C1)
17. "The solution ___ the crisis requires patience." (B2)
18. "He confessed ___ stealing the documents." (C1)
19. "The village is located ___ the coast." (B1)
20. "She was found guilty ___ fraud and embezzlement." (B2)
21. "___ your email, we have processed your request." (C1)
22. "The research was conducted ___ advanced imaging techniques." (C1)
23. "We need to cut ___ sugar consumption." (B2)
24. "The novel is reminiscent ___ my childhood." (C1)
25. "There is a noticeable decline ___ bee populations worldwide." (C1)